How Can There Be Only One Way?

I was recent­ly think­ing about 1st Tim­o­thy 2:5–6: “For there is one God and one inter­me­di­ary between God and human­i­ty, Christ Jesus, him­self human, who gave him­self as a ran­som for all, reveal­ing God’s pur­pose at his appoint­ed time.” (New Eng­lish Trans­la­tion)

These vers­es high­light the aspect of Chris­tian­i­ty that both­ers West­ern­ers most: its exclu­siv­i­ty. The notion that Jesus is the only way to God vex­es many peo­ple.

This morn­ing a thought occurred to me: almost every­one who believes in God believes that there’s only one way. Most peo­ple just don’t real­ize it.

For most peo­ple I know, their “one way” is being nice. Unless you are nice/­good/s­in­cere/al­tru­is­tic/em­pa­thet­ic/en­light­ened/ad­jec­tive-of-choice enough, you fail.

The way of nice­ness is no less lim­it­ing than the way of faith in Christ: it excludes peo­ple just as sure­ly and it is far more arbi­trary.

This is coun­ter­in­tu­itive to some peo­ple, so allow me to explain.

It is exclu­sive in that some peo­ple just aren’t nice enough. More on that lat­er.

It is arbi­trary in that the dev­il is in the details. How do you know if you’ve been nice enough? And what con­sti­tutes the right kind of nice­ness, any­way? After all, there’s no real rea­son to sup­pose that an infi­nite­ly smart Being would mea­sure nice­ness in the way that makes the most sense to you.

The Chris­t­ian prin­ci­ple of exclu­siv­i­ty makes more sense, for it flows from the sim­ple belief that Jesus is God in the flesh.

Think­ing about this for a sec­ond should make the rea­son­ing clear.

If you believe that Jesus is God, then to say you can come to God apart from Jesus is as non­sen­si­cal as say­ing you can go to Los Ange­les with­out going to Cal­i­for­nia.

In oth­er words, all that Chris­tians are insist­ing is that you can’t come to God with­out com­ing to God. This hard­ly seems con­tro­ver­sial. You may reject the premis­es of the argu­ment (that God exists or that Jesus is God), but grant­ed those two the belief can’t be cat­e­go­rized as extreme or bizarre. It’s just con­sis­tent.

The real prob­lem most peo­ple seem to have isn’t that Chris­tian­i­ty is exclu­sive. Their real prob­lem is that Chris­tian­i­ty appears to be unfair­ly exclu­sive. This is most often expressed as fol­lows, “What about those who have nev­er heard of Christ? How can God exclude them sim­ply because they haven’t heard of Jesus?”

There are actu­al­ly some very rea­son­able answers to those ques­tions. Here’s one, here’s anoth­er

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, and here’s yet a third. There are more where those came from — if this ques­tion dis­tress­es you then dig into it. You won’t agree with every­thing you read. I cer­tain­ly don’t agree with every argu­ment in three arti­cles I linked. Fig­ure out what you believe for your­self.

But here’s the impor­tant thing to real­ize: the same prob­lem con­fronts the nice­ness stan­dard. What about those born in the wrong time or the wrong place? Some of your ances­tors owned slaves in accor­dance with the cus­toms of their cul­ture (this is true regard­less of your eth­nic­i­ty) — did they fail a test they did­n’t know they were tak­ing?

Some of them like­ly burned cats to death for fun. Do they fail the nice­ness test mere­ly because they were born in the wrong time or in the wrong place?

For that mat­ter, what of you? Who knows which of our actions our grand­chil­dren will deem immoral? Per­haps you have been born in the wrong time and place to achieve a rea­son­able stan­dard of nice­ness.

You might object that we should judge peo­ple rel­a­tive to the stan­dards of their own cul­ture, so we don’t need to wor­ry about what stan­dards our grand­chil­dren will hold us up against. Per­haps. Believ­ing that would require you to stop judg­ing dic­ta­tor­ships, sweat­shops, mod­ern-day slave traf­fick­ing, and racism in oth­er cul­tures. Also, you will need to let the Church off the hook for things like the Cru­sades and the Inqui­si­tion. This is just one the prob­lems that emerges from the notion that moral stan­dards are com­plete­ly rel­a­tive to cul­ture or per­son­al­i­ty. There are sev­er­al detailed cri­tiques avail­able: here’s one

, here’s anoth­er, and here is a third (that last one is a pdf writ­ten by Car­di­nal Ratzinger before he became Pope).

So if your main beef with Chris­tian­i­ty is that it’s exclu­sive, exam­ine your own beliefs care­ful­ly. You might be sur­prised to dis­cov­er just how exclu­sion­ary they turn out to be.

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I Am Thankful

Today is Thanks­giv­ing, and once again I am remind­ed of all that I have to be grate­ful for.

God loves me. I have a won­der­ful fam­i­ly (both by birth and by mar­riage). I have a faith­ful team of sup­port­ers who part­ner with me in min­istry. I have the coolest call­ing in the world. I have fab­u­lous stu­dents in my min­istry. I live in Amer­i­ca in the 21st cen­tu­ry — one of the great­est, freest, and most pros­per­ous cul­tures of all time. I live in Cal­i­for­nia, which is as awe­some as the rest of you think it is. And, and, and, and…

Today is Thanks­giv­ing, and so such a list springs eas­i­ly to mind. It reminds me that I am to be thank­ful every day. Many pas­sages com­mand us to be grate­ful. Among them are Eph­esians 5:19–20, Colos­sians 2:7, Colos­sians 3:15–16, and 1 Thes­sa­lo­ni­ans 5:18. They’re won­der­ful pas­sages and worth mem­o­riz­ing.

But my favorite pas­sage on grat­i­tude is from Deuteron­o­my 8:17–18:

You may say to your­self, “My pow­er and the strength of my hands have pro­duced this wealth for me.” But remem­ber the LORD your God, for it is he who gives you the abil­i­ty to pro­duce wealth…

It is God who gives us the abil­i­ty. Not just the abil­i­ty to pro­duce wealth, but also the abil­i­ty to make jokes, to find love, to enjoy a sun­set, to get good grades, to run quick­ly, to leap in pud­dles, and to sleep sound­ly at night.

Every day is filled with occa­sions for grat­i­tude, but we almost always let them pass unre­marked.

This Thanks­giv­ing, take to heart the ever-quotable G. K. Chester­ton:

You say grace before meals. All right. But I say grace before the con­cert and the opera, and grace before the play and pan­tomime, and grace before I open a book, and grace before sketch­ing, paint­ing, swim­ming, fenc­ing, box­ing, walk­ing, play­ing, danc­ing, and grace before I dip the pen in the ink.

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Expecting An Email From Me? Check Your Spam Folder.

If you haven’t heard from me and you’ve been expect­ing to, I apol­o­gize. For some rea­son a lot of my very nor­mal emails (par­tic­u­lar­ly to stu­dents) have been labeled as spam. Here’s an exam­ple of an email that gets labeled as spam:

Stu­den­t’s email to me: “Glen, can I get a ride to church on Sun­day?”
My reply to the stu­dent: “Sure, I’ll pick you up at 10am. See you then!”

Result — auto­mat­i­cal­ly delet­ed as SPAM! The poor girl thought I was ignor­ing her and almost biked to church before we got it straight­ened out.

I had a stu­dent send me a copy of one of the unfor­tu­nate emails, and dig­ging through the head­ers I found this entry from Stan­ford’s spam fil­ter:

X-Spam: Probability=82%, Report='URI_CLASS_ABS_DOMAIN 8

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from with­in movie , BODY_SIZE_6000_6999 0, WEBMAIL_SOURCE 0, __BOUNCE_CHALLENGE_SUBJ 0, __CD 0, __CP_URI_IN_BODY 0, __CT 0, __CTE 0, __CT_TEXT_PLAIN 0, __FRAUD_419_BODY_WEBMAIL 0, __FRAUD_419_WEBMAIL 0, __FRAUD_419_WEBMAIL_FROM 0, __FROM_GMAIL 0, __HAS_MSGID 0, __HELO_GMAIL 0, __MIME_TEXT_ONLY 0, __MIME_VERSION 0, __PHISH_SPEAR_HTTP_RECEIVED 0, __PHISH_SPEAR_STRUCTURE_1 0, __RDNS_GMAIL 0, __SANE_MSGID 0, __URI_CLASS_ANY 0′

I’ve googled for URI_CLASS_ABS_DOMAIN, but I haven’t been able to fig­ure out what it means. I’m send­ing my emails from gmail, so I don’t think there’s any weird­ness there. Some­thing about the con­tent of my email seems fishy to the spam fil­ter. My best guess is that it’s my foot­er (which I intend to dis­able as a test), but any insight is appre­ci­at­ed.

The foot­er, in case you’re curi­ous, is an innocu­ous

Glen Davis: http://glenandpaula.com/
Chi Alpha Christian Fellowship @ Stanford University: http://xastanford.org/

Bot­tom line: if you expect­ed an email from me and you haven’t seen it, check your spam fold­er. A hap­py sur­prise might be wait­ing for you.

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Jesus Wants Friends Not Fans

I was chat­ting with De Wen (a stu­dent in our min­istry) yes­ter­day and he made a com­ment that real­ly res­onat­ed with me: “God wants friends, not fans.”

A lot of us set­tle for being fans. I often set­tle for being a fan. But there’s so much more avail­able — like Abra­ham, we can be friends with God (Isa­iah 41:8, James 2:23). As he did to the dis­ci­ples, Jesus yearns to say to us, “I no longer call you ser­vants but friends” (John 15:15).

But the temp­ta­tion to be a mere fan is strong. In Jim­my Tate’s mem­o­rable phrase, we sub­sti­tute praise for prayer. We allow the life of the church to dis­place our own spir­i­tu­al jour­ney and we live vic­ar­i­ous­ly through the pas­tor’s insights or the wor­ship lead­er’s zeal. Like a duti­ful fan, we turn out for the game (Sun­day morn­ing) and cheer at all the appro­pri­ate places. But we don’t call the coach after the game to con­grat­u­late him or shoot the breeze. We don’t invite him over for a vic­to­ry bbq. That’s the stuff a friend would do.

We’re just fans, so we go home and talk about how great the game was.

And we miss out on some­thing won­der­ful.

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Sermon Templates

One of the best books I’ve read in the last few years has been Made to Stick by Chip and Dan Heath. It’s chock-full of well-researched good­ness. One of the most intrigu­ing stud­ies they cite is The Fun­da­men­tal Tem­plates of Qual­i­ty Ads. If you read the arti­cle (or just the sum­ma­ry in Made to Stick), you learn that if you make an ad using one of a hand­ful of tem­plates, it will be much bet­ter (and per­ceived to be more cre­ative) than if you put a group of peo­ple in a room and tell them to be as cre­ative as they can.

Ever since I stum­bled upon that study, I’ve been think­ing about how it applies to ser­mons. There are lots of ways to struc­ture ser­mons, but only a few seem to work real­ly well.

As a result, I’ve com­piled a list of ser­mon tem­plates. When I’m preach­ing, I try to think through these tem­plates to see if one nat­u­ral­ly match­es my sub­ject, and I use as that the frame­work that I build the mes­sage around.

Tem­plate #1: Clas­sic Expos­i­to­ry Preach­ing
Sim­ply use the outline/plot of the text as your preach­ing out­line. This tem­plate is tran­scen­dent when done well, and painful when done poor­ly. It’s prob­a­bly the most com­mon tem­plate out there.

Tem­plate #2: Prac­ti­cal

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In Acts 2 Peter struc­tures his ser­mon around the answers to three ques­tions.

  1. What?
  2. So what?
  3. Now what?

Tem­plate #3: How To
One of the sim­plest ways to struc­ture a mes­sage:

  1. Tell them why.
  2. Show them how.

Tem­plate #4: Solve The Prob­lem (Andy Stan­ley)

  1. Cre­ate Atten­tion: “here’s a prob­lem that needs to be resolved
  2. Inte­grate Scrip­ture: “for­tu­nate­ly, we’re not the first ones to wres­tle with this”
  3. Clar­i­fy The Sig­nif­i­cance: “here’s why this answer mat­ters”
  4. Apply The Con­cept: “and here’s how to make it work in real life”

Tem­plate #5: Pro­nouns (Andy Stan­ley)

  1. Me (Ori­en­ta­tion): Intro­duce your­self to the audi­ence and to your per­son­al expe­ri­ence of the prob­lem you’re talk­ing about.
  2. We (Iden­ti­fi­ca­tion): Show how the audi­ence has the same (or a suf­fi­cient­ly sim­i­lar) prob­lem.
  3. God (Illu­mi­na­tion): Tell them what the Bible says about how to respond to this prob­lem.
  4. You (Appli­ca­tion): Call for a per­son­al response
  5. We (Inspi­ra­tion): Explain how things would be change if we all respond­ed in obe­di­ence.

Tem­plate #6: Life Change (Rick War­ren)

  1. Estab­lish a need
  2. Give per­son­al exam­ples
  3. Present a plan
  4. Offer hope
  5. Call for com­mit­ment
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Tem­plate #7: The Sto­ry With a Punch (Induc­tive)

  1. Tell an engag­ing, care­ful­ly-cho­sen sto­ry (usu­al­ly fun­ny).
  2. Bring the sur­prise punch­line from the Bible.

Tem­plate #8: The Ques­tion & Answer Out­line (Thomas Aquinas)

  1. Make a bold claim (or ask a tough ques­tion and give an answer)
  2. Antic­i­pate the objec­tions raised by your claim/answer
  3. Answer the objec­tions
  4. Repeat steps 2 & 3 as long as nec­es­sary to estab­lish your orig­i­nal claim.

I hope these serve you well. I should has­ten to add that these aren’t based on research — they’re the byprod­uct of obser­va­tion and of what I learned at a few con­fer­ences. In oth­er words, you can take what the arti­cle said about adver­tise­ments to the bank. You should only take my advice to the lemon­ade stand.

Ellipses… Make Me Nervous

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that ellipses can man­gle mean­ing. Con­sid­er:

“As for your­self, you shall … come back here … smok­ing … pot”
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Ellipses can clar­i­fy as well as mis­lead, of course. But an abun­dance of them makes me ner­vous. Always ask your­self, “What’s hid­ing behind those three lit­tle dots?”

Adventures at 320 Below

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Fresh­men have arrived on cam­pus this week, and we’ve had a blast meet­ing them. Our strat­e­gy isn’t super-sophis­ti­cat­ed — we just set up a table on White Plaza and beck­on stu­dents over to chat with us. We also give them free stuff (like pop­corn and these real­ly cool eco-friend­ly shop­ping bags).

The pho­to on the right is me and a cou­ple of our hard­work­ing stu­dents.

But there’s been an unex­pect­ed­ly cool devel­op­ment. The table next to us has been for the Stan­ford Edu­ca­tion­al Stud­ies Pro­gram free east­er egg adven­ture the (they’re try­ing to recruit some fresh­men to teach high school stu­dents stuff) and is manned by one of our stu­dents, Ben. Ben works with real­ly cold stuff — about as close to absolute zero as human­i­ty has been able to get (mil­likelvins, if you’re curi­ous). So some­thing like liq­uid nitro­gen is like hot choco­late to him — it’s at a mere 320 Fahren­heit below zero. I know 320 below sounds cold, but most of the uni­verse is much, much cold­er than that — just not the part that we inhab­it.

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in front of peo­ple. It’s very eye-catch­ing. Mas­sive amounts of fog are gen­er­at­ed. And the result­ing ice cream is yum­my.

Any­way, the drink for my lunch had got­ten warm, so I asked Ben if we could use some liq­uid nitro­gen to cool it off. It worked like a charm. Plus it was fun to do. Extreme­ly fun.

That morn­ing I had already been think­ing that I had one of the best jobs in the world. And then I get to play with liq­uid nitro­gen. While doing my job. Cam­pus min­istry rocks.

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Settling In To Our New Digs

Boxes, boxes, and more boxes. Oh, and a U-Haul truck with yet more boxes.Some of our faithful movers take a well-deserved break.We just moved from our old apart­ment to a house else­where in Men­lo Park. So far we love it! The kids are espe­cial­ly jazzed about the yard and the ensu­ing prospects for out­door play.

A big thank you to those who helped us move!

aug­men­ta­tion breast mis­sis­sauga Props to Ben, Katie, Alan, John, Desir­ae, Irene, Chris, Femi, Ethan, Lind­sey, Scott (way to serve with your post­op­er­a­tive self), Jen and Aaron. Lind­sey and Sue deserve spe­cial men­tion because they each watched our kids part of the day, which meant Paula and I could both get stuff done. And a spe­cial shout-out to Emi­ly who was plan­ning to help but had to bail due to a last-minute med­ical emer­gency (get well soon).

High­lights from the move:

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  • Notic­ing that a dis­pro­por­tion­ate num­ber of stu­dents decid­ed to wear their Chi Alpha shirts for the move. My heuris­tic was to wear a shirt I did­n’t care about… which makes me won­der how our stu­dents real­ly feel about our shirts. 😉
  • Hap­py Donuts for break­fast. Yum. Bonus: watch­ing Ben get a sug­ar rush.
  • Hear­ing my name used as a vir­tu­al curse word when peo­ple real­ized how many box­es of books they would have to car­ry. They love the eru­dite ser­mons, they just hate the way I pre­pare for them. 🙂
  • Back­ing a U‑Haul into my nar­row dri­ve­way. Yikes!
  • Chris get­ting scratched by a rose bush and me (for once) hav­ing the right line at the right time, “He does­n’t need a band-aid — he needs a Y chro­mo­some.”
  • New York Piz­za for lunch. Two King Kongs and a Large. Excel­lent.
  • Hav­ing our inter­net acti­vat­ed on the day we moved in. Sweet!
  • Our new neigh­bor drop­ping off brown­ies. How very kind.
  • Hav­ing our super-studly mov­ing crew stay to help us assem­ble and lay out fur­ni­ture. Way above and beyond the call of duty. THANK YOU!
  • Cost­co Hot Dogs for sup­per. Those dogs are deli­cious. And huge.
  • Dou­ble bonus: watch­ing Ben cud­dle up after a hard day’s work and drift into la-la land.

For those to whom it mat­ters, our new address is 1032 Ring­wood Ave, Men­lo Park, CA 94025.down periscope free

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Reaching College Students

My sem­i­nary’s alum­ni mag­a­zine, Rap­port

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It came out pret­ty well — although I did notice one mis­take (which is prob­a­bly my fault, not theirs). One sen­tence reads, “But for each nation that mis­sion­ar­ies go to, there are hun­dreds of thou­sands of stu­dents from that nation cur­rent­ly study­ing in Amer­i­ca.” Clear­ly that should be writ­ten more along the lines of, “But for each nation that mis­sion­ar­ies go to, there are usu­al­ly hun­dreds OR thou­sands of stu­dents from that nation study­ing in Amer­i­ca.”

The oth­er arti­cles in that issue are also about col­lege min­istry, includ­ing three by for­mer stu­dents of mine:

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I’m proud of them — they’re doing great things in God’s ser­vice. It was a priv­i­lege to play a small role in prepar­ing them for min­istry.

Joe, of course, played an even larg­er role in their lives than I did. One more tes­ti­mo­ny of his impact.

Joe — we miss you.

And to every­one who’s won­der­ing if I’ll be at the funer­al tomor­row, I’m sad to report that I won’t be. Just was­n’t able to work it out. I’ll be there in spir­it.

A Lament for a Friend

Joe Zick­afoose

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died last night. He had can­cer, and in the process of treat­ment his immune sys­tem became so weak that he was very vul­ner­a­ble to infec­tion, got pneu­mo­nia, and died.

Maybe this is nor­mal, but I don’t feel over­whelmed by emo­tion until I try to talk to some­one about it. It’s kind of weird. When I’m on the phone with a mutu­al friend of Joe’s, I start to choke up. And I usu­al­ly weep for a few moments after I hang up. After that, I’m fine (albeit sad) until the next con­ver­sa­tion.

It would be hard to over­state Joe’s influ­ence in my life. When I moved from Louisiana to Mis­souri to go to sem­i­nary, I began vol­un­teer­ing at the Chi Alpha min­istry he led at Mis­souri State Uni­ver­si­ty. He soon asked me to join him on staff, and I seized the oppor­tu­ni­ty to work with this amaz­ing man.

I got to know Joe very well over the next few years. He was a real men­tor. He told amaz­ing­ly fun­ny sto­ries. He was kind and car­ing. And wicked smart. Joe real­ly knew his stuff. He helped me under­stand how the­ol­o­gy relat­ed to prac­ti­cal min­istry in a way that is still stun­ning to me.

I have so many vivid mem­o­ries of Joe that it’s hard to believe he’s real­ly dead.

I’ll nev­er for­get his boom­ing laugh echo­ing through the office. I remem­ber once I was giv­ing a stu­dent an expla­na­tion about escha­tol­ogy (the end of the world), and after the stu­dent left Joe just start­ed laugh­ing uncon­trol­lably. “Glen, do you real­ize how many times I’ve heard you give that exact same expla­na­tion using the exact same words to stu­dents?” Maybe it would be fun­nier if you heard my expla­na­tion and knew a lit­tle more about my denom­i­na­tion, but this isn’t real­ly the place for a the­o­log­i­cal trea­tise on the return of Christ.

Anoth­er sto­ry that springs to mind is the time Joe decid­ed to buy a motor­cy­cle. He used to ride them as a kid, and he want­ed to return to the hal­cy­on days of his youth. So he did his research, bought the bike and all the acces­sories. It was a months-long process, filled with days of Joe wax­ing elo­quent about the joys of motor­cy­cle rid­ing. Joe could get pret­ty obses­sive about his hob­bies, and this was close to dis­plac­ing music in his lev­el of pas­sion. He set out to ride and my phone rang about an hour lat­er. It was Joe. “Glen, I crashed my bike. Can you come pick me up?” So I set out in my trust Isuzu pick­up to retrieve the noble fall­en Zick­afoose. He sold the bike short­ly after­ward. It was one of the most heart­break­ing and yet fun­ny events I can remem­ber.

But my favorite sto­ry of Joe has to be his sal­va­tion sto­ry. I might have it a lit­tle jum­bled, but this is the essence of it. He spent his teenage years work­ing hard and sav­ing for col­lege. How­ev­er, when he arrived at Kent State he blew all the mon­ey he had spent years sav­ing in one term on a crazy drug binge. He had to drop out because he had deplet­ed all his funds. But before he did, he met Jesus. Here’s how it hap­pened.

Joe and his drug bud­dies used to stay up late at night talk­ing about crazy stuff they had seen. Joe Zick­afoose’s room­mate, Joe Dal­to­rio (here­after referred to as Big Joe), had some of the best sto­ries about peo­ple he had seen healed at the Pen­te­costal church he grew up in. Joe was skep­ti­cal, but Big Joe swore up and down he had seen it with his own eyes.

One night Joe was vis­it­ing his sup­pli­er down the hall, and they made some sort of joke about Satan. As Joe tells it, at that moment they felt the tem­per­a­ture drop and an omi­nous pres­ence filled the room. Joe fled back to his room where Big Joe hap­pened to be. As Joe entered the room, he felt the exact oppo­site pres­ence. A sense of over­whelm­ing peace filled his dorm room.

“I don’t know what’s hap­pen­ing in here, but I want it.”

Big Joe looked at him and said, “Joe, I’m what you call a back­slid­er. I was turn­ing my back on what I knew to be true. I told you all those sto­ries about my church, but I nev­er told you the most impor­tant sto­ry of all. Jesus is God and he died for your sins. You can be for­giv­en and have peace with God. I just fin­ished repent­ing and I’m not going to be part of the drug scene any­more. Do you want in?”

Joe said sure, and so Big Joe explained, “This is the way they do it at church. Would you please bow your head? With­out look­ing around, if you want to receive Jesus Christ as your per­son­al lord and sav­ior, would you please raise your hand? Great. Please kneel and repeat after me. Dear Jesus, I know I’m a sin­ner and I need your grace. I humbly repent and please for­give me of my sins and help me not to do them any­more. With your help, I’ll serve you.”

And that’s how Joe became a Chris­t­ian. His drug friends came over to his room and Joe decid­ed to put some music on to cel­e­brate. He began dig­ging through his col­lec­tion until he found some­thing that looked reli­gious and put it on the record play­er. He told his friends, “See, there’s a quote by George Bernard Shaw about God on the cov­er. It’s spir­i­tu­al music.”

His drug deal­er friend start­ed laugh­ing. “What does George Bernard Shaw know about God? He was an athe­ist!”

Joe’s coun­te­nance changed; he stared at his record col­lec­tion. “I’ve been deceived,” he said slow­ly. He took the record off the play­er and threw it out his win­dow like a fris­bee. It smashed into the next build­ing. His friends sat stunned. One by one he took all the records in his col­lec­tion and hurled them into obliv­ion, his friends scream­ing at him to stop and beg­ging him to give them the records instead. He bel­lowed, “None shall have them!”

I always used to crack up at that line. “None shall have them!”

There are so many sto­ries about Joe. He was tru­ly an amaz­ing indi­vid­ual. I’ll miss him deeply. We had­n’t talked too much in the last few years because he was serv­ing over­seas as a mis­sion­ary to uni­ver­si­ty stu­dents in Scot­land, but I thought of him often.

I can bare­ly imag­ine what his wife and teenage sons must be going through. I rejoice that Joe is in heav­en expe­ri­enc­ing his reward, but I weep for his fam­i­ly who now must sol­dier on with­out him. If you remem­ber, be sure to pray for them.